Studies of the brain and nervous system, as well as the treatment of the nervous system diseases in Iran, have a long history. During the Middle Ages and the glorious years of Islamic Iran, neuroscience was also considered as one of the branches of medicine by the great scientists such as Zakaria Razi, Ibn Sina, Ali Ibn Abbas Ahwazi (Masoudi), Ibn Haytham, which their efforts and studies had a tremendous influence on the history of science. Simultaneously with the new developments during the last three decades in neuroscience, our scientists have also taken steps to progress in this field of science with various researches. Iranian professors from various universities such as Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran University of Medical, Iran University of Medical, Tarbiat Modares University, University of Tehran, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Research Institute of Basic Sciences, Research Institute of Cognitive Sciences, Research as well as education of graduate students have played a significant role in the current position of Iran in the field of neuroscience. In this regard, it is worth mentioning the efforts of Dr. Fereshteh Motamedi in teaching and research in the field of neuroscience, as well as introducing research in the field of neuroscience in Iran in international forums such as the World Brain Research Organization (IBRO) and the Asia-Pacific Neuroscience Federation (FAONS ).

In 2012, with the efforts of Dr. Mohammad Taghi Joghtaei, the request to establish the Iranian Neuroscience Society was submitted by him and founding board  to the Commission of Scientific Associations of the Ministry of Health and Medical Education in June 2012. (The founding board of the association consisted of Dr. Mohammad Taghi Joghtaei, Dr. Fereshteh Motamedi, Dr. Saeed Semnanian, Dr. Nasser Naqdi, Dr. Abbas Haghparast, Dr. Ali Younesi, Dr. Mohammad Reza Daliri, Dr. Ali Rashidipour, Dr. Vahid Sheibani and Dr. Ali Shahbazi.). This commission agreed in September 2012 with the establishment of the Iranian Neuroscience Society. The first call for registering in the society was at the same time as the first congress of Basic and Clinical Neuroscience in November 2012 in the Razi Conference Hall of Tehran, and the pavilion of the society hosted the participants in the congress. The first general assembly and the election of the first board of directors after the announcement in the official newspaper was held on February 15, 2013 in the Razi International Conference Center of Iran University of Medical Sciences with the presence of more than ninety members of the association. The second general assembly was held on December 19, 2013, at the same time during the Basic and Clinical Neuroscience Congress in the Razi Conference Hall. The first meeting of the board of directors of the neuroscience society was held on March 29, 2013 in the Molecular Cell Research Center of Iran University of Medical Sciences. The activity license of the society was issued by the Commission of Scientific Associations of the Ministry of Health on May 28, 2013 in the name of Dr. Mohammad Taghi Joghtaei as the first president of the Iranian neuroscience society.